A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z [Contents]
A, B,
C,
D, E,
F, G,
H, I,
J, K,
L, M,
N, O,
P, Q,
R, S,
T, U,
V, W,
X, Y,
Z [Contents]
USE feeding bottle
backed blade
A stone blade with one edge
blunted.
CL tools and equipment
BT blade
backed bladelet
A small stone blade with
one edge blunted.
CL tools and equipment
BT cutting equipment
USE knife
backplate
Piece of armour worn to protect
the back, often permanently connected to the breastplate.
RT breastplate
RT cuirassCL armour and weapons
BT armour <by form>
badge
A distinguishing emblem or mark,
often worn to signify membership, achievement, employment etc.
CL signs or symbols
BT personal symbol
bag
A flexible container with an opening at
one end.
CL container
BT hand luggageCL dress and personal accessories
BT hand luggageUF bag ring
USE bag
bagpipes
A composite instrument in which
air is forced through one or more drones and chanter from an inflated bag or
bladder.
CL music
BT reed pipeUF bladder pipe
bailer
A machine for creating bails of
straw.
CL agriculture and subsistence
BT harvesting and mowing object
balance
An apparatus for weighing, usually
consists of a beam on a pivot with a means of supporting the object to be
weighed on one side and weights on the other.
CL measurement
NT spring balance
NT steelyard
NT tumbrelUF balance arm
UF balance beam
UF balance pan
UF balance pin
UF scale pan
UF scales
USE balance
USE balance
USE balance
USE balance
balance weight
Weight used with any kind of
balance.
CL measurement
BT weight
baldric
A sash or belt worn over the
shoulder to the hip for carrying a sword.
RT sword
RT sword beltCL dress and personal accessories
BT clothing accessory
USE ball (game)
USE ball (ritual)
USE chalk ball
USE musket ball
ball (game)
A round object used in games.
CL sports and games
UF ball
UF bowling ball
ball (ritual)
Polished stone balls
interpreted as ritual objects in the Scottish Iron Age.
CL religion or ritual
UF ball
ballista ball
A stone missile fired from a
ballista, larger in diameter than ballista shot.
CL armour and weapons
BT projectile
ballista bolt
A large bolt or arrow fired
from a ballista.
CL armour and weapons
BT projectile
baluster
A vertical pillar or post, often
shaped.
CL architecture
BT architectural element
bandage
A strip of cloth used for binding a
wound.
CL medicine and pharmacy
USE bracelet
bank note
Official currency printed or
written onto paper which can be directly exchanged for goods, services or coins.
CL currency
banner
A flag bearing a device, often
carried on two poles or hanging from a cross piece. Usually used in processions.
RT flag
CL signs or symbols
bar iron
A piece of iron cut from blooms
and lengths of bar, probably for transportation, which were then reworked.
CL manufacture and processing
USE plough
barbed and tanged arrowhead
A triangular
arrowhead retouched to form a central tang and lateral barbs. The sides may be
straight or concave.
CL armour and weapons
BT arrowhead
barbed point
A bone or antler point with
rows of barbs, usually on one side only.
CL tools and equipment
BT point
barometer
An instrument for measuring
atmospheric pressure by its effects on mercury in a glass tube. It can also be
used to measure altitude and depth and is especially used for predicting the
weather.
CL measurement
barrel
A cylindrical container, usually
bulging outward in the middle and usually held together by metal hoops.
CL container
BT food and liquid storage container
BT storage container
barrel padlock
A form of padlock with a
cylindrical case and bolts and springs attached to spines.
CL tools and equipment
BT padlock
barrel padlock key
A key, usually with a
long stem, its terminal is generally hooked or looped, and bit set at angle to
stem with radiating or looped wards.
CL unassigned
BT key (locking)
baselard
A type of dagger, usually used by
civilians in the medieval period, with a H shaped hilt.
CL armour and weapons
BT dagger
basin
A round container, open and wide at
the top with sides sloping inwards toward the bottom.
CL container
BT personal hygiene container
basinet
A type of helmet with a hinged
visor.
CL armour and weapons
BT helmet
basket
A container made of interwoven
strips of pliable materials, such as cane or reed, often carried by a handle.
CL container
BT food and liquid storage container
BT storage container
bat
A gaming implement usually used in
conjunction with a ball.
CL sports and games
bath
A large container used for washing the
body.
CL container
BT personal hygiene container
baton
A staff of office or authority.
CL signs or symbols
BT personal symbol
baton de commandement
A rod, often of
antler, with a hole through it and decorated.
CL unassigned
battleaxe
An axe designed for fighting
could be single or double headed and used with one or two hands. Where use is
thought to be ceremonial multiple index with ceremonial object.
CL armour and weapons
BT edged weapon
bayonet
A short stabbing weapon, designed
to be fixed to the muzzle of a musket or rifle, even in some cases to pistols.
Some were designed to be used both fixed to long guns and independent of them.
RT sword belt
CL armour and weapons
BT edged weapon
NT plug bayonet
NT socket bayonet
bead
A small, pierced, often spherical or
cylindrical, piece of glass, wood,etc, which may be strung together with others
to form a necklace.
CL dress and personal accessories
BT jewellery
NT melon bead
NT spacer bead
beaker
A straight sided drinking vessel,
usually with a wide mouth and without handles.
CL container
BT container <by form>
BT drinking vesselCL food preparation and consumption
BT drinking vessel
beam
A load carrying horizontal structural
member.
CL architecture
BT architectural element
beater (music)
A wooden or metal object
used to provide a rhythm by striking another object.
CL music
BT musical instrument component
beater (tool)
A general tool used to beat
objects with.
CL tools and equipment
BT striking equipment
NT cloth beater
NT coir beater
NT flax beater
bed
To be used for the frame elements only,
not for the bedding.
CL furnishings and furniture
BT furnitureUF bedpost
bed pan
A container used as a lavatory by
bedridden people.
CL container
BT personal hygiene container
bedding
Soft items used to make a bed ready
to be slept upon.
CL furnishings and furniture
BT furnishing
NT blanket
NT bolster
NT mattress
NT pillow
NT sheet
USE bed
USE sheet
bee skep
A portable beehive, often made of
straw.
RT beehive
CL agriculture and subsistence
UF bee skepp
USE bee skep
beehive
A receptacle used as a home for
bees, traditionally made of thick straw work in the shape of a dome,but
sometimes made of wood.
RT bee skep
CL agriculture and subsistence
beehive quern
A method of grinding cereals
where one stone is rotated on another by hand.
CL agriculture and subsistence
BT quernCL tools and equipment
BT quern
bell
Any dome shaped metal bell struck
either by an internal clapper or by a hammer.
CL music
BT musical instrument <integral>UF bell clapper
UF clapper
UF handbell
USE bell
bell pull
A cord or handle which rings a
bell when pulled.
CL fixtures and fittings
bell system
A system of communication used
in a house to summon servants or on board ship to transmit orders to the engine
room.
CL fixtures and fittings
bellows
An object used to create a blast of
air.
CL heating and lighting
CL tools and equipment
BT heating object
belt
A band of leather, cloth etc worn
usually around the waist to support clothing, carry weapons, pouches, tools etc
or as a decoration.
CL dress and personal accessories
BT clothing accessory
USE strap fitting
USE strap fitting
USE strap fitting
USE strap fitting
USE strap fitting
USE strap fitting
USE strap fitting
USE strap fitting
bench (seat)
A long seat usually without a
back.
CL furnishings and furniture
BT seat
bench (table)
A rough table usually for
working upon.
CL furnishings and furniture
BT table
bib
A piece of cloth or plastic worn
especially by babies to protect clothes while eating.
CL dress and personal accessories
BT outerwear
bier
Movable stand for carrying a body to
its grave.
CL religion or ritual
BT death burial or funerary object
bill
Military weapon with long shaft and
bill style head. For agricultural style bills use bill hook.
CL armour and weapons
BT staff weapon
bill hook
A tool used to cut or split wood.
CL tools and equipment
BT cutting equipment
bird bath
An object constructed to allow
birds to bathe in it.
CL unassigned
bird cage
A cage for containing birds.
CL container
BT cage
bird feeder
An object designed to hold food
for birds.
CL container
BT container <by function>
bird remains
Use for the remains of any
part of a bird.
CL ecofacts
BT animal remains
USE bagpipes
blade
A struck piece of flint or other
stone where the length is at least twice the width.
CL manufacture and processing
BT debitageCL tools and equipment
BT cutting equipment
NT backed blade
NT crested bladeUF cutting blade
blanket
A thick fabric cover used to
provide warmth.
CL furnishings and furniture
BT bedding
bleeding cup
A container used to catch
blood during bleeding.
CL medicine and pharmacy
BT medical containerCL container
BT medical container
CL furnishings and furniture
BT window covering
blind fitting
An object which supports or
is attached to a blind.
CL fixtures and fittings
blinker
Pieces of leather connected to a
bridle designed to direct a horse's vision straight forward only.
CL animal equipment
BT harnessUF spectacles (animal)
bloom
A material resulting from the
smelting of iron ore.
CL manufacture and processing
BT industrial by product
CL dress and personal accessories
BT outerwear
blowpipe (tool)
A long hollow tube used to
blow molten glass into shapes.
CL tools and equipment
blowpipe (weapon)
A tube through which
missiles are blown.
CL armour and weapons
BT projectile weapon
board
A sawn piece of timber, thinner than
a plank and often rectangular.
RT plank
CL architecture
BT architectural fragment
boat
A small vessel propelled on water by
an engine, oars or sails.
CL transport
BT water craft
boat hook
A long handled hook used for
pulling a boat to a place eg another boat, or pushing off from a place.
CL transport
BT water craft equipment
bobbin
An object on which thread or yarn is
wound or hooked.
CL tools and equipment
BT textile equipment
NT lace bobbin
NT thread bobbin
USE shuttle
bodkin
A pointed tool used to pierce holes,
usually in textiles.
CL tools and equipment
BT piercing equipment
body plug
An object used in the preparation
of a body following death. It was used to plug the orifices of the body.
CL religion or ritual
BT death burial or funerary object
bolas
A missile consisting of a number of
weights joined together by cord. The bolas entangles the legs of a target
causing it to fall.
CL agriculture and subsistence
BT hunting objectCL armour and weapons
BT projectile
bolster
A long pillow, especially one used
as an under pillow.
CL furnishings and furniture
BT bedding
bolt (fastening)
A metal pin, often with a
screw thread and used in conjunction with a nut.
CL tools and equipment
BT locking mechanism
bolt (lock)
A sliding metal bar, often
fixed to a door or similar, which moves through staples so that its end fixes
into another staple or hole which is attached to a fixed object, eg a door
frame.
CL unassigned
BT fastening
bonnet
A form of hat, usually does not
cover the forehead nor have a brim, and usually worn by women.
CL dress and personal accessories
BT headwear
book
A bound collection of paper or other
materials.
CL written communications
BT written item
NT hymn book
NT prayer bookUF book cover
USE book fitting
USE book
book fitting
Mountings, often decorative,
attached to a book.
CL written communications
UF book clasp
UF book mount
USE book fitting
boot
Type of footwear which covers a
minimum of the foot and ankle.
CL dress and personal accessories
BT footwear
boot stud
A metal reinforcer worn on the
sole or heel of a boot.
CL dress and personal accessories
BT footwear component
borer
A flint tool for piercing holes.
CL tools and equipment
BT drilling equipment
bottle
A container, typically cylindrical
with a narrow neck, usually for containing liquids.
CL container
BT container <by form>
BT food and liquid storage container
NT milk bottle
NT wine bottle
boundary marker
An indicator of the extent
of an area of land.
CL measurement
NT property marker
bow brooch
Any brooch with the pin sprung
or hinged at one end and the catchplate at the other end of a curved or flat
bow. Can be one or two piece construction.
CL dress and personal accessories
BT brooch
bow drill
A drill where the bit is twisted
by means of a bow with the string wound around the shaft of the drill.
CL tools and equipment
BT drill
bow (music)
A strung object used to produce
sound usually from a string instrument eg a violin bow.
CL music
BT musical instrument component
bow (weapon)
A weapon for shooting arrows.
RT arrow
CL agriculture and subsistence
BT hunting objectCL armour and weapons
BT projectile weapon
bowed string instrument
An instrument
played mainly by bowing the strings. Use narrower terms where known.
CL music
BT string instrument
NT fiddle
NT violin
bowl
A round container open at the top,
usually to hold liquids.
CL food preparation and consumption
BT food serving containerCL container
BT container <by form>
BT food serving container
USE ball (game)
box
A container, usually rectangular and
having a removable or hinged lid.
CL container
BT storage container
box padlock key
A key usually with a long
stem with bit, stem and terminal in line.
CL unassigned
BT key (locking)
USE flue tile
bracelet
Ornamental band or chain worn
around the arm or wrist.
CL dress and personal accessories
BT jewelleryUF bangle
USE arm guard
bracket
A metal, stone or wooden projection
with a flat upper surface to support a shelf, arch, statue etc.
CL fixtures and fittings
UF angle bracket
bracteate
An ornament made of thin plates
of gold or silver, with repousse ornament.
CL dress and personal accessories
BT pendant
brad
A flat nail of the same thickness
that tapers in width to a point.
CL unassigned
BT nail
bradawl
A small tool which pierces
material. It has a flat cutting edge.
CL tools and equipment
BT piercing equipment
braid
A woven fabric used to trim clothes.
RT textile
CL dress and personal accessories
BT dress component
brail
A belt used to confine a hawk's
wings.
CL animal equipment
BT hawking equipmentUF hawk belt
branding iron
A heated iron used to label,
burn or mark animals, slaves, criminals etc.
CL tools and equipment
BT marking equipmentCL punishment and restraint
brass
An ornamental tablet of brass. Use a
materials thesaurus where brass is a material.
CL unassigned
UF commemorative brass
UF memorial brass
UF monumental brass
brazier
A metal receptacle used for burning
coals, charcoal etc to provide heat.
CL heating and lighting
BT heating object
breastplate
Armour designed to protect the
chest, sometimes permanently attached to a backplate.
RT backplate
CL armour and weapons
BT armour <by form>
USE loincloth
breeches
A garment covering from the waist
to the knees, similar to trousers but stop at the knees.
CL dress and personal accessories
BT outerwear
brick
An oblong mass of hardened clay or
mud, used in building.
CL architecture
BT architectural fragment
NT fire brick
bridal headdress
Head wear of a bride.
CL religion or ritual
BT marriage object
bridge (music)
A small structure used to
support strings on an instrument pushing them away from the body of the
instrument.
CL music
BT musical instrument component
bridle
Headgear for a horse, usually
consisting of a series of buckled straps and a mouthpiece, bridle bit, by which
the horse is controlled.
CL animal equipment
BT harness
bridle bit
A metal mouth piece used to
control an animal, usually used on a horse.
CL animal equipment
BT bridle fittingUF cheekpiece
UF horse bit
UF horsebit
bridle fitting
Attachments that form part
of the bridle.
CL animal equipment
BT harness fitting
NT bridle bit
briquetage
A collective name for the pans
and fire bars used in the making of salt through evaporation.
CL manufacture and processing
BT by product
broadsword
A broad design of sword used for
cutting and slashing.
CL armour and weapons
BT sword
brooch
Ornament often with a hinged pin and
catch, worn fastened to clothing.
CL dress and personal accessories
BT jewellery
NT annular brooch
NT bow brooch
NT penannular brooch
NT plate broochUF brooch spring
UF fibula
brooch pin
A specific type of early
medieval pin. Do not use in instances where a pin has become detached from the
brooch.
CL dress and personal accessories
BT jewellery
USE brooch
USE brush
brush
A hand held device with bristles or
hairs used for cleaning or painting.
CL tools and equipment
NT paint brushUF broom
UF brush holder
brush holder
The stem or handle of a brush
designed to hold the head of the brush.
USE brush
USE trumpet
bucket
Container with arched handle used
for carrying liquids, foodstuffs etc.
CL container
BT food and liquid storage containerUF bucket handle
UF bucket stave
UF escutcheon
UF pail
USE bucket
USE bucket
buckle
Clasp for fastening together two
loose ends.
CL dress and personal accessories
BT clothing fasteningUF buckle frame
UF buckle loop
UF buckle pin
UF buckle plate
UF buckle tongue
USE buckle
USE buckle
USE buckle
USE buckle
USE buckle
buckler
A type of shield, usually wooden
and circular.
CL armour and weapons
BT shield
USE hunting horn
USE trumpet
bull
The seal of a papal document
CL written communications
BT seal
CL written communications
BT document
USE pendant
bullet
A projectile discharged from a
weapon, usually a firearm.
RT bullet mould
CL armour and weapons
BT ammunition
bullet mould
A mould in which bullets or
musket balls are cast.
RT bullet
RT musket ballCL tools and equipment
BT mould
bullroarer
A piece of wood attached to a
thong that makes a roaring sound when the thong is whirled.
CL music
BT musical instrument <by air>
bung
A large stopper, often of cork.
CL unassigned
BT stopper
burial chest
Chests connected with the
burial of a body.
CL container
BT religious or ritual containerCL religion or ritual
BT death burial or funerary object
USE shroud
USE burial urn
burial urn
An urn containing a cremation
burial.
RT cremation
CL religion or ritual
BT death burial or funerary objectUF burial pot
burin
A graving tool used for engraving
objects. Prehistoric versions are usually made of flint or other stone, later
versions usually of metal.
RT burin spall
CL tools and equipment
BT marking equipment
burin spall
A narrow flake which is the
by-product of making a burin.
RT burin
CL manufacture and processing
BT tool by product
burnisher
A tool used to polish the surface
of an artefact.
CL tools and equipment
BT smoothing equipment
burnt flint
Flint which has been burnt. It
is not necessarily worked.
CL unassigned
burr
A small hand operated rotary drill
used by dentists.
CL medicine and pharmacy
BT dental implement
bushel
A measuring container to measure dry
goods.
CL container
BT measuring vesselCL measurement
BT measuring vessel
bust
The sculpted head, shoulders and
breast of a person.
CL unassigned
BT sculpture
butter churn
A vessel used to produce
butter from milk through agitation.
CL container
BT churnCL food preparation and consumption
BT churn
butteris
A farrier's tool for paring a
horse's hoof.
CL animal equipment
BT animal care equipment
button
A stud used for fastening an item
usually used for clothing.
CL dress and personal accessories
BT clothing fastening
button and loop fastener
A fastener made of
a metal circle connected to a metal loop fixed to an object and used to fasten
to another object by means of a button or a loop. The usage of these items is
unclear, could include use for animals or for dress.
CL unassigned
BT fastening
button cover
A piece of material, eg metal,
cloth, leather etc, added to a button to enhance or embellish it.
CL dress and personal accessories
BT dress component
buzzer
An instrument which creates a
buzzing noise.
CL music
BT musical instrument <by air>
<by product>
A secondary or incidental
product of a process.
CL manufacture and processing
NT briquetage
NT frit
NT industrial by product
NT manufacturing debris
NT offcut
NT tool by product
NT waste
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z [Contents]
© , English Heritage & Royal
Commission on the Historical Monuments of England, 1997.You may freely download this page for non-profit use, but must acknowledge , EH & RCHME in any
output in which it is used. |